feat: 增强Docker构建系统，支持多架构构建

- 为build-docker.sh添加架构特定构建支持 (amd64/arm64)
- 始终使用Docker Buildx确保跨平台构建的一致性
- 添加构建缓存支持，使用.buildx-cache目录
- 更新Dockerfile使用平台感知基础镜像 (FROM --platform=$TARGETPLATFORM)
- 改进push-docker.sh以支持架构特定标签
- 为构建脚本添加帮助选项 (-h)
- 使用更严格的错误处理 (set -euo pipefail)
- 更新.gitignore排除构建缓存

现在支持构建：
- Apple Silicon本地开发 (arm64)
- Linux服务器部署 (amd64)
- 从任意机器进行跨平台构建

build-docker.sh

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 # 构建 Docker 镜像脚本
+# 用法: ./build-docker.sh [amd64|arm64]
+# 如果不指定架构，将使用本机架构
 
-set -e
+set -euo pipefail
 
 # 颜色输出
 RED='\033[0;31m'
@@ -11,6 +13,57 @@ NC='\033[0m' # No Color
 
 echo -e "${GREEN}=== 开始构建 PeiPei 后端 Docker 镜像 ===${NC}"
 
+# 检测本机架构
+NATIVE_ARCH=$(uname -m)
+if [[ "$NATIVE_ARCH" == "x86_64" ]]; then
+  NATIVE_ARCH="amd64"
+elif [[ "$NATIVE_ARCH" == "arm64" ]] || [[ "$NATIVE_ARCH" == "aarch64" ]]; then
+  NATIVE_ARCH="arm64"
+fi
+
+# 处理命令行参数
+if [[ "$1" == "-h" || "$1" == "--help" ]]; then
+  echo -e "${GREEN}PeiPei 后端 Docker 镜像构建脚本${NC}"
+  echo ""
+  echo -e "${YELLOW}用法:${NC}"
+  echo "  ./build-docker.sh [选项] [架构]"
+  echo ""
+  echo -e "${YELLOW}选项:${NC}"
+  echo "  -h, --help    显示此帮助信息"
+  echo ""
+  echo -e "${YELLOW}架构:${NC}"
+  echo "  amd64         构建 Linux amd64 镜像 (适用于服务器)"
+  echo "  arm64         构建 Linux arm64 镜像 (适用于 Apple Silicon Mac)"
+  echo "  [空]          自动检测本机架构"
+  echo ""
+  echo -e "${YELLOW}示例:${NC}"
+  echo "  ./build-docker.sh           # 自动检测架构构建"
+  echo "  ./build-docker.sh amd64     # 构建服务器镜像"
+  echo "  ./build-docker.sh arm64     # 构建 Mac 镜像"
+  echo "  ./build-docker.sh -h        # 显示帮助"
+  echo ""
+  echo -e "${YELLOW}说明:${NC}"
+  echo "  - 本机架构: ${NATIVE_ARCH}"
+  echo "  - 使用 Docker Buildx 进行构建"
+  echo "  - 镜像将带有架构后缀标签 (如: latest-amd64)"
+  echo "  - 构建缓存存储在: .buildx-cache/"
+  echo "  - 确保 Dockerfile 使用: FROM --platform=\$TARGETPLATFORM"
+  exit 0
+fi
+
+TARGET_ARCH="${1:-$NATIVE_ARCH}"
+
+# 验证架构参数
+if [[ "$TARGET_ARCH" != "amd64" && "$TARGET_ARCH" != "arm64" ]]; then
+  echo -e "${RED}错误: 不支持的架构 '$TARGET_ARCH'${NC}"
+  echo -e "${YELLOW}支持的架构: amd64, arm64${NC}"
+  echo -e "${YELLOW}用法: ./build-docker.sh [amd64|arm64]${NC}"
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+echo -e "${YELLOW}目标架构: ${TARGET_ARCH}${NC}"
+echo -e "${YELLOW}本机架构: ${NATIVE_ARCH}${NC}"
+
 # 检查是否在正确的目录
 if [ ! -f "docker/Dockerfile" ]; then
   echo -e "${RED}错误: 请在项目根目录执行此脚本${NC}"
@@ -25,28 +78,83 @@ echo -e "${YELLOW}构建时间戳 (UTC+8): ${TIMESTAMP}${NC}"
 
 # 镜像名称和标签
 IMAGE_NAME="peipei-backend"
-VERSION_TAG="${TIMESTAMP}"
-LATEST_TAG="latest"
+VERSION_TAG="${TIMESTAMP}-${TARGET_ARCH}"
+LATEST_TAG="latest-${TARGET_ARCH}"
 
 echo -e "${YELLOW}镜像名称: ${IMAGE_NAME}${NC}"
 echo -e "${YELLOW}版本标签: ${VERSION_TAG}${NC}"
 
 # 构建 Docker 镜像
 echo -e "${GREEN}开始构建镜像...${NC}"
-if docker build -f docker/Dockerfile \
+
+# 确保 buildx 可用
+if ! docker buildx version >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  echo -e "${RED}错误: 需要 Docker Buildx 支持${NC}"
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+# 创建并使用 builder（如果不存在）
+if ! docker buildx inspect peipei-builder >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  echo -e "${YELLOW}创建 buildx builder...${NC}"
+  docker buildx create --name peipei-builder --use
+else
+  docker buildx use peipei-builder
+fi
+
+# 启动 builder 和 QEMU（用于跨架构支持）
+echo -e "${YELLOW}初始化 buildx builder...${NC}"
+docker buildx inspect --bootstrap >/dev/null
+
+# 显示构建类型
+if [[ "$TARGET_ARCH" != "$NATIVE_ARCH" ]]; then
+  echo -e "${YELLOW}跨平台构建: ${NATIVE_ARCH} -> ${TARGET_ARCH}${NC}"
+else
+  echo -e "${YELLOW}本机架构构建: ${TARGET_ARCH}${NC}"
+fi
+
+# 创建缓存目录（可选优化）
+CACHE_DIR=".buildx-cache"
+mkdir -p "$CACHE_DIR"
+
+# 始终使用 buildx 以保持行为一致
+echo -e "${GREEN}执行构建...${NC}"
+if docker buildx build \
+  --platform "linux/${TARGET_ARCH}" \
+  --load \
+  --cache-from="type=local,src=${CACHE_DIR}" \
+  --cache-to="type=local,dest=${CACHE_DIR}" \
+  -f docker/Dockerfile \
   -t "${IMAGE_NAME}:${VERSION_TAG}" \
   -t "${IMAGE_NAME}:${LATEST_TAG}" \
   .; then
+  BUILD_SUCCESS=true
+else
+  BUILD_SUCCESS=false
+fi
 
+# 检查构建结果
+if [[ "$BUILD_SUCCESS" == "true" ]]; then
   echo -e "${GREEN}✅ Docker 镜像构建成功!${NC}"
   echo -e "${GREEN}镜像标签:${NC}"
   echo -e "  - ${IMAGE_NAME}:${VERSION_TAG}"
   echo -e "  - ${IMAGE_NAME}:${LATEST_TAG}"
 
   echo -e "\n${YELLOW}镜像信息:${NC}"
-  docker images | grep -E "^${IMAGE_NAME}\s" | head -2
+  docker images | grep -E "^${IMAGE_NAME}\s"
 
-  echo -e "\n${GREEN}下一步: 运行 ./push-docker.sh 推送到私有仓库${NC}"
+  echo -e "\n${GREEN}使用说明:${NC}"
+  if [[ "$TARGET_ARCH" == "amd64" ]]; then
+    echo -e "  - 该镜像适用于 Linux amd64 服务器部署"
+    echo -e "  - 推送到服务器: ./push-docker.sh"
+  elif [[ "$TARGET_ARCH" == "arm64" ]]; then
+    echo -e "  - 该镜像适用于 Apple Silicon Mac 本地运行"
+    echo -e "  - 本地测试: docker run ${IMAGE_NAME}:${LATEST_TAG}"
+  fi
+  
+  echo -e "\n${YELLOW}构建其他架构:${NC}"
+  echo -e "  - 构建 amd64 (服务器): ./build-docker.sh amd64"
+  echo -e "  - 构建 arm64 (Mac): ./build-docker.sh arm64"
+  echo -e "  - 自动检测架构: ./build-docker.sh"
 else
   echo -e "${RED}❌ Docker 镜像构建失败!${NC}"
   exit 1